Some unique safety factors come into play while surf-fishing. Sharks are certainly a concern to many anglers. While the great white is by far the most feared shark in the world, many shark experts believe the bull, a species common on the Texas coast, is actually responsible for more attacks than any other species.

Part of the reason is the diversity of habits in which bull sharks dwell, according to Buddy Gomez of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: “Bull sharks are probably the most dangerous species that’s likely to be encountered by fishermen, swimmers and divers. They commonly prowl the beaches, and have been found in places where most people don’t picture sharks being, whereas great whites and certain other dangerous species are less common and tend to prefer different habitats.”

Actually, that’s putting it lightly.

Dr. Leonard Compagno, who was the scientific consultant for the movie “Jaws,” has written that this characteristic of bull shark behavior may make it responsible for attacks attributed to other species.

Another fact that may play into the riddle of bull shark attacks is simple biology. Scientists in Florida have recently found that male bull sharks have some of the highest testosterone levels of any living animal, even more than a bull elephant. Testosterone is known for spawning aggressive behavior.

To avoid these massive predators, use a long stringer that extends a good 20 feet from you when fishing. Pulling fish right beside you is inviting trouble. Attach it to your belt so you can release it quickly; no stringer of fish is worth risking a “Nantucket sleigh ride” courtesy of a big shark.

Another monster that inhabits the surf is the stingray, which can pose problems for surf-fisherman and beach goers alike. To guard against stingray encounters, always shuffle your feet when wading. Stepping on a ray is a sure-fire way to get hurt, whereas shuffling one’s feet alerts the fish so that it moves away.